doi:10.1094/CFW-60-1-0032 | VIEW ARTICLE

AACCI Report

DON Occurrence in Grains: A North American Perspective

AndreiaBianchini,¹RichardHorsley,²Maia M.Jack,³BrentKobielush,⁴DojinRyu,⁵SherylTittlemier,⁶William W.Wilson,⁷Hamed K.Abbas,⁸SusanAbel,⁹GordonHarrison,¹⁰J. DavidMiller,¹¹W. ThomasShier,¹² and GlenWeaver<sup>13

1</sup>The Food Processing Center, Food Science and Technology Department, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE, U.S.A.²Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, ND, U.S.A.³CPGglobal, LLC, U.S.A.⁴General Mills, MN, U.S.A.⁵Bi-State School of Food Science, University of Idaho/Washington State University, ID, U.S.A.⁶Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.⁷Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University, ND, U.S.A.⁸USDA-ARS, NBCL, Stoneville, MS, U.S.A.⁹Food & Consumer Products of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.¹⁰Canadian National Millers' Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada.¹¹Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.¹²Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN, U.S.A.¹³Ardent Mills, Omaha, NE, U.S.A. Cereal Foods World 60(1):32-56.

In agricultural commodities, the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) has been reported all over the world, with levels varying among grain types and years of production. The grain supply chain, including growers, buyers, and end users, have effectively managed DON with strategies to control this issue systematically. The safety of consumers is ensured through use of these management strategies. This is observed in this review of the North American systems. This article describes the occurrence and management of DON in North America, which is accomplished by 1) a review of the toxicological effects of DON; 2) a review of publically available data and introduction of new information regarding the occurrence of DON in wheat, maize, and barley in North America, including variability due to growing regions, grain varieties, and year of production; 3) an overview of industry practices to reduce DON contamination from field through milling when necessary; 4) a review of how all in the value chain, including growers, buyers, and end users, have effectively managed DON for more than 20 years; 5) a description of current maximum limits associated with DON; and 6) the economic impact of any potential changes in international regulations. This article focuses on wheat, maize, and barley grown in Canada and the USA, as these two countries are the major exporters of these grains in North America (1).Additional Keywords: barley, corn, maize, mycotoxin, vomitoxin, wheatTo learn more about DON in cereals and the keys to its successful global management, visit the AACCI Scientific Initiatives web page on “Food Safety Worldwide” at http://www.aaccnet.org/initiatives/Pages/FoodSafetyWorldwide.aspx.