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Mixing Properties, Baking Potential, and Functionality Changes in Storage Proteins During Dough Development of Triticale-Wheat Flour Blends

¹Department of Crop Science, The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, PMB 11, Camden NSW 2570, Australia. ²Corresponding author. E-mail: hnaeem@wheat.ksu.edu Phone: 1-785-532-4813. Fax: 1-785-532-7010. ³Present address: Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 205 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506. ⁴CSIRO Plant Industry, GQRL, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.

Flours from advanced lines or cultivars of six triticales and two prime hard wheats, along with triticale-wheat blends, were investigated for mixing, extension (excluding blends), and baking properties using microscale testing. Percentage total polymeric protein (PPP) and percentage unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) of flours and doughs, including blends, mixed to optimal dough development were estimated using size-exclusion HPLC to determine the changes in protein solubility and association with blend composition (BC), mixing properties, and loaf height. Each triticale was blended with flours of each of the two wheat cultivars (Hartog and Sunco) at 0, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 100% of wheat flour. Nonlinear relationships between BC and mixograph parameters (mixing time [MT], bandwidth at peak resistance [BWPR], and resistance breakdown [RBD]) were observed. A linear relationship between BC and peak resistance (PR) was predominant. PPP of triticale flours was mostly higher than PPP of wheat cultivars. UPP of all triticales was significantly lower than wheat cultivars. PPP of freeze-dried doughs was mostly nonsignificant across the blends and showed a curvilinear relationship with BC. The deviations from linearity of MT and PPP were higher in triticale-Sunco blends than in triticale-Hartog blends. UPP of blends was closer to or lower than the lower component in the blend. The deviations from linearity for MT and UPP were greater in triticale-Hartog blends than triticale-Sunco blends. A highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was observed between BWPR and loaf height. This suggested that BWPR in triticale-wheat flour blends could be successfully used for the prediction of loaf height. Triticale flour could be substituted for wheat flour up to 50% in the blend without drastically affecting bread quality. Dough properties of triticale-wheat flour blends were highly cultivar specific and dependent on blend composition. This strongly suggested that any flour blend must be tested at the desired blend composition.